The arsenal of dental transplant and implant technologies continues to expand. The need for new technologies is driven by the increase in elderly patients with significant soft and hard jaw tissue defects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of using autogenous and xenogenic biomaterials for dental transplantation and subsequent implantation in conditions of significant atrophy of hard and soft tissues of the jaws.
Material and methods. Surgical procedures were performed from 2002 to 2022 in 5280 men and women from 22 to 85 years of age in several dental practices in Russia. From 2002 to 2007, transplantation was performed using autogenous grafts derived from the bones of the chin, maxillary tubercle, external surface of the ramus of the mandible, iliac crest, tibia, or venous blood of the patients themselves. From 2008 to 2022, transplantation was performed using xenogeneic bone grafting biomaterials from OsteoBiol (Tecnoss, Italy). All patients received Replace Select titanium implants (Nobel Biocare, Switzerland).
Results. In case of significant atrophy of soft and hard tissues of the jaws, the surgery of maxillary sinus floor elevation by transplantation of autogenous bone and xenogenous biomaterials lasted on average about 2.5 and 1.5 h, respectively. The duration of dental implantation averaged about 1.5 h in both cases. At the same time, the use of autogenous bone grafts expanded the area of surgical operation, led to the completion of bone tissue regeneration 6-9 months after successful grafting, which was observed in 83% of cases. In turn, transplantation of bone-plastic xenogenous biomaterials resulted in grafting and osteofication of tissues in 94% of cases. The original technology of maxillary sinus floor elevation in maxillary ridge atrophy, excluding perforation of Schneider’s membrane, and the technology of autogenous material transplantation in case of soft tissue deficiency under the apical part of the artificial crown, providing a good aesthetic result, are described. OsteoBiol biomaterials and Replace Select implants are safe and effective for dental engineering.
Conclusions.
1. The advantage of using autogenous materials is the possibility of grafting in the absence of preserved biomaterials, and the disadvantage is the lack of a ready-made standardized graft with invariably repeatable shapes, sizes and properties.
2. The advantage of stored xenogenous biomaterials can also include their standardization and full readiness for transplantation at any time.
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